Brief narrative review of the mental health impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61182/rnavmed.v6n2a5Keywords:
Covid-19, Mental health, Depression, AnxietyAbstract
Coronavirus or SARS-CoV-2 rapidly became an international public health event. It was declared a pandemic by WHO on March 11, 2020. Since its outbreak in 2019 (Wuhan), it impacted not only the physical health, but also the mental health of both the general population and special groups, according to several studies. This article proposes a reflection from a brief narrative review of the literature to describe the impact of COVID-19 on mental health. Publications were reviewed in PubMed and Google Scholar, year 2020. Some of the associated factors are gender, age, education, comorbidities, exposure to news and social networks related to COVID-19, psychosocial support. Different research shows that there is a high prevalence of psychological health problems. Attention is required from the different governmental entities to the mental health considerations during the COVID-19 outbreak issued by the WHO, as well as those proposed by the scientific literature.
References
Ruiz-Bravo A, Jiménez-Valera M. SARS-CoV-2 y pandemia de síndrome respiratorio agudo (COVID-19). Ars Pharm [Internet]. 2020 [citado el 10 de octubre de 2020];61(2):63–79. Disponible en: https://scielo.isciii.es/pdf/ars/v61n2/2340-9894-ars-61-02-63.pdf
Mayo Clinic. Página de la Clínica Mayo. 2020 [citado el 30 de octubre de 2020]. Enfermedad del coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). Disponible en: https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/coronavirus/symptoms-causes/syc-20479963#:~:text=Los%20coronavirus%20son%20una%20familia,por%20sus%20siglas%20en%20ingl%C3%A9s).
Pollard CA, Morran MP, Nestor-Kalinoski AL. The COVID-19 pandemic: a global health crisis. Physiol Genomics. 2020;52(11):549–57. https://doi.org/10.1152/physiolgenomics.00089.2020
Pappa S, Ntella V, Giannakas T, Giannakoulis VG, Papoutsi E, Katsaounou P. Prevalence of depression, anxiety, and insomnia among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Brain Behav Immun. 2020;88:901–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.026
Ramírez-Ortiz J, Castro-Quintero D, Lerma-Córdoba C, Yela-Ceballos F, Escobar-Córdoba F. Mental health consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic associated with social isolation. Colombian journal of anesthesiology. 2020;48(4):1–7. https://doi.org/10.5554/22562087.e930
Salari N, Hosseinian-Far A, Jalali R, Vaisi-Raygani A, Rasoulpoor S, Mohammadi M, et al. Prevalence of stress, anxiety, depression among the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Global Health. 2020;16(1):57. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-020-00589-w
Mayo Clinic. Página de la Clínica Mayo. 2020 [citado el 10 de diciembre de 2020]. COVID-19 y tu salud mental. Disponible en: https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/coronavirus/in-depth/mental-health-covid-19/art-20482731
Rubin GJ, Wessely S. The psychological effects of quarantining a city. BMJ. 2020;368(m313):1–2.
Torales J, O’Higgins M, Castaldelli-Maia JM, Ventriglio A. The outbreak of COVID-19 coronavirus and its impact on global mental health. International Journal of Social Psychiatry. 2020;66(4):317–20. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764020915212
Brooks SK, Webster RK, Smith LE, Woodland L, Wessely S, Greenberg N, et al. The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence. The Lancet. 2020;395(10227):912–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30460-8
Lee SM, Kang WS, Cho AR, Kim T, Park JK. Psychological impact of the 2015 MERS outbreak on hospital workers and quarantined hemodialysis patients. Compr Psychiatry. 2018;87(2018):123–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2018.10.003
Li W, Yang Y, Liu ZH, Zhao YJ, Zhang Q, Zhang L, et al. Progression of Mental Health Services during the COVID-19 Outbreak in China. Int J Biol Sci. 2020;16(10):1732–8. https://doi.org/10.7150%2Fijbs.45120
Kang L, Li Y, Hu S, Chen M, Yang C, Yang BX, et al. The mental health of medical workers in Wuhan, China dealing with the 2019 novel coronavirus. Lancet Psychiatry. 2020;7(3):e14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30185-9
Mowbray H. In Beijing, coronavirus 2019-nCoV has created a siege mentality. BMJ. 2020;368(m516):1–2. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m516
Bohlken J, Schömig F, Lemke MR, Pumberger M, Riedel-Heller SG. COVID-19-Pandemie: Belastungen des medizinischen Personals. Psychiatr Prax. 2020;47(04):190–7. https://doi.org/10.1055%2Fa-1159-5551
Luo M, Guo L, Yu M, Jiang W, Wang H. The psychological and mental impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on medical staff and general public – A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychiatry Res. 2020;291(113190):1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113190
Wang C, Pan R, Wan X, Tan Y, Xu L, McIntyre RS, et al. A longitudinal study on the mental health of general population during the COVID-19 epidemic in China. Brain Behav Immun. 2020;87:40–8. https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.bbi.2020.04.028
Zhou SJ, Zhang LG, Wang LL, Guo ZC, Wang JQ, Chen JC, et al. Prevalence and socio-demographic correlates of psychological health problems in Chinese adolescents during the outbreak of COVID-19. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2020;29(6):749–58. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-020-01541-4
Özdin S, Bayrak Özdin Ş. Levels and predictors of anxiety, depression and health anxiety during COVID-19 pandemic in Turkish society: The importance of gender. International Journal of Social Psychiatry. 2020;66(5):504–11. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764020927051
Li X, Dai T, Wang H, Shi J, Yuan W, Li J, et al. Clinical analysis of suspected COVID-19 patients with anxiety and depression. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban [Internet]. 2020;49(2):203–8. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9292.2020.03.02
Mazza C, Ricci E, Biondi S, Colasanti M, Ferracuti S, Napoli C, et al. A Nationwide Survey of Psychological Distress among Italian People during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Immediate Psychological Responses and Associated Factors. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(3165):1–14. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17093165
Olagoke AA, Olagoke OO, Hughes AM. Exposure to coronavirus news on mainstream media: The role of risk perceptions and depression. Br J Health Psychol. 2020;25(4):865–74. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjhp.12427
Ho CS, Chee CY, Ho RC. Mental Health Strategies to Combat the Psychological Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Beyond Paranoia and Panic. Ann Acad Med Singap [Internet]. 2020 [citado el 10 de diciembre de 2020];49(3):155–60. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32200399/
Cooke JE, Eirich R, Racine N, Madigan S. Prevalence of posttraumatic and general psychological stress during COVID-19: A rapid review and meta-analysis. Psychiatry Res. 2020;292(113347):1–3. https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.psychres.2020.113347
Lei L, Huang X, Zhang S, Yang J, Yang L, Xu M. Comparison of Prevalence and Associated Factors of Anxiety and Depression Among People Affected by versus People Unaffected by Quarantine During the COVID-19 Epidemic in Southwestern China. Medical Science Monitor. 2020;26(e924609):1–12. https://doi.org/10.12659%2FMSM.924609
Tan W, Hao F, McIntyre RS, Jiang L, Jiang X, Zhang L, et al. Is returning to work during the COVID-19 pandemic stressful? A study on immediate mental health status and psychoneuroimmunity prevention measures of Chinese workforce. Brain Behav Immun. 2020;87:84–92. https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.bbi.2020.04.055
Li G, Miao J, Wang H, Xu S, Sun W, Fan Y, et al. Psychological impact on women health workers involved in COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan: a cross-sectional study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2020;91(8):895–7. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2020-323134
Chew NWS, Lee GKH, Tan BYQ, Jing M, Goh Y, Ngiam NJH, et al. A multinational, multicentre study on the psychological outcomes and associated physical symptoms amongst healthcare workers during COVID-19 outbreak. Brain Behav Immun. 2020;88:559–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.049
Spoorthy MS, Pratapa SK, Mahant S. Mental health problems faced by healthcare workers due to the COVID-19 pandemic–A review. Asian J Psychiatr. 2020;51(102119):1–4. https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ajp.2020.102119
Dubey S, Biswas P, Ghosh R, Chatterjee S, Dubey MJ, Chatterjee S, et al. Psychosocial impact of COVID-19. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews. 2020;14(5):779–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2020.05.035
Ni MY, Yang L, Leung CMC, Li N, Yao XI, Wang Y, et al. Mental Health, Risk Factors, and Social Media Use During the COVID-19 Epidemic and Cordon Sanitaire Among the Community and Health Professionals in Wuhan, China: Cross-Sectional Survey. JMIR Ment Health. 2020;7(5 (e19009)):1–6. https://doi.org/10.2196/19009
Hossain MM, Tasnim S, Sultana A, Faizah F, Mazumder H, Zou L, et al. Epidemiology of mental health problems in COVID-19: a review. F1000Res. 2020;9(363):1–16. https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.24457.1
Gao J, Zheng P, Jia Y, Chen H, Mao Y, Chen S, et al. Mental health problems and social media exposure during COVID-19 outbreak. PLoS One. 2020;15(4(e0231924)):1–10. https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0231924
Organización Panamericana de la Salud. Consideraciones psicosociales y de salud mental durante el brote de COVID-19 [Internet]. 2020 [citado el 01 de noviembre de 2020]. Disponible en: https://www.paho.org/es/documentos/consideraciones-psicosociales-salud-mental-durante-brote-covid-19
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2020 Ana María Orjuela Camargo, Giovanni Caviedes Pérez
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
